There is no better method of predicting photovoltaic (PV) array performance than exposing it to real-life conditions in the field. Although laboratory tests can accurately determine PV cell characteristics, real-time monitoring of a photovoltaic array in the field can boost confidence in product reliability and overall performance.
How to Use RF Impedance Measurements to Ensure the Quality of Miniaturized Power Inductors
Most high-frequency and miniaturized power inductors are metal molding-type inductors. The magnetic metal powder surfaces are usually treated with an oxide layer to reduce eddy current losses at high frequencies, enhancing the usable frequency range and reducing losses and temperature rising. However, users typically cannot determine the particle size of the magnetic material and the integrity of the oxide layer after molding and sintering through visual inspection alone.